Description

By 2025, a more developed technology will be exhibited due to the rapid growth of technology. This will lead to a creation of Optical Serial Bus (OSB). The launch of this improved device is likely to be a pivotal technology as it becomes a part of the user. It is a microprocessor that enables the user to capture still photographs and record videos directly from their eyes. The user has to wear glasses that come with the product since the glass lenses capture data as it flows from the eyes to the brain and saves until the user desires to view the information. The saved files can be scanned through the vision recognition system in order to upload them on the computer. Once the data is uploaded, the user can go back and find a specific time period or events, and extract the images they need. OSB will be more serviceable since it records everything that the user views.

Development

Between now and the year 2025, accomplishing a development in camera technology would require two major milestones. The first major achievement is the data transformation from a body part to body part. This involves making the brain an actual database, allowing everything the user’s brain processes to turn into a data in order to make it suitable with OSB. As the precursor of OSB is the digital camera, it equivalently allows consumers to capture still photographs and record videos. Though, its system operation is raised to crucial accessibility for unlimited users, allowing them to take photos straight from their eyes and transfer files to the brain for data processing. Similar to the concept of barcode scanners, the saved files can be scanned using a sensor to capture the reflection of images (Denso wave, 2007). The second milestone is the implantation of the optical serial bus. This involves connecting the microchip to the brain of a human body. The microchip that will be implanted beside the user’s pupil will be small enough to maintain the natural look. It will enable for OSB to receive captured data such as images and videos from the glass lenses and involves information processing by “running a wire from the implant to the nervous system” (Witt, 1999). Microchip implementation will be part of a medical procedure with operations that will help new heights of flexibility and ease-of-use for many users. Through the system of embedded chips, OSB will be highly favourable especially for active groups such as celebrities and athletes. The two major milestones would significantly engage in affecting such evolvement in camera technology.

Rationale

The rationale of the future development in camera technology is derived from the digitized camera. Since the earliest design of the camera obscura had led to the creation of the film camera, film becoming digital was a vital growth of technology. The digitization of film is now leading toward the next logical step, the digitization of optical images in the user’s eyes. Furthermore, the physical parts of the digital camera clearly relate to OSB. The lens simply represents the user’s eyes as the body of the camera signifies the user’s brain system.  Since the futuristic camera will be offering more accessibility that digital cameras are unable to give, companies that produce digital cameras will have a dramatic impact as they will be experiencing another tremendous decline in “digicam”(Wikipedia, 2009) products. Most individuals are now going to choose OSB because of its superb versatility. OSB takes these responsibilities to vastly enhanced levels of efficiency and ease, establishing optimal performance.

References:

Denso Wave. (2007). What is a bar code scanner. Retrieved April 3, 2009, from

http://www.denso-wave.com/en/adcd/fundamental/barcode/scanner.html

Wikipedia (2009). Wikipedia: Digital Camera. Retrieved April 3, 2009, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camera

Wikipedia (2009). Wikipedia: Universal Serial Bus. Retrieved April 3, 2009, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usb

Witt S. (1999, January 14). Is human chip implant wave of the future? CNN. Retrieved April 3, 2009, from

                http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9901/14/chipman.idg/

Reference:

About.com. (2009). Inventors: Timeline of Alexander Graham Bell. Retrieved March 22, 2009, from

                http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventors/a/Alexander_Bell_4.htm

Pre-industrial

The precursor of the film camera was the camera obscura which can be a comparison to dark rooms that current photographers use. It allowed the light to go through a curved lens, forming an image of external objects on a surface of paper or glass (Camera, n.d). It was a useful tool for artists to draw pictures. In the 1660s, Robert Boyle, an Irish scientist, developed a portable camera obscura. Following with this invention, the first small portable camera was created by Johann Zahn in 1685. Although this advanced device was still 150 years behind the technology to be efficient (Camera, n.d), it was small enough to be useful for photography. Even though this device was not widely used during the pre-industrial era, the significant change in this technology during this time period was that artists were able to use portable camera obscura to help them draw scenes precisely (Ted’s Photographics, 2006).  Unlike today, the average people of this era found the tool useless to the public due to lack of knowledge of the method of utilizing the device. This invention played a crucial role in leading toward the creation of film cameras in the industrial era.

Industrial

During the industrial revolution, George Eastman created the modern photograph film technology (The People History, 2009) that made it more convenient to develop pictures. In 1888, Eastman designed the first roll-film Kodak camera (About.com, 2009) which provided the advancement of camera industry and popularity among users. Its huge fame was caused by the “full developing and printing service” (Ted’s Photographics, 2006). The invention had an immense impact on the economy because of the advertisements of several companies. Film cameras were mainly utilized for news evidence and ads in order to announce to the public and convince consumers. Since there were more photos taken by different individuals, there was more variety of choices for companies to advertise. Even though it allowed individuals to capture black and white images to keep their memories and preserve historical events, this system did not last very long before more developments were built.

Post-industrial

The post industrial era has seen the vast improvement of the camera. In the beginning of the 20^th century, Eastman utilized his own technology and introduced the Brownie (The People History, 2009). His invention became small enough for users to carry it around and it was capable of taking snapshots (The People History, 2009). Because it provided portability, it was the favoured camera among people so that they could easily preserve memories with it.  By the 1930s, cameras became more convenient with its flexibility and popularity. In 1948, the launch of the instant-processing Polaroid cameras served the consumers with instant gratification abilities (The People History, 2009) and provided entertainment. The Polaroid camera is still an on-going design as it is one of the top selling products because of its ease to access and instant capabilities. This device eventually led to the digitization of cameras. By the mid-1970s, digital cameras were created by “convert[ing] light to digital pictures” (About.com, 2009).  In 1984, Canon exhibited the first digital electronic camera (About.com, 2009) and the development of user digital still cameras continued at a rapid pace. When the digital technology was launched into the camera industry, the impact of this instrument was remarkable, playing an essential role in society. Most of the digital cameras have been providing ease and portability as it enable individuals to instantly view the photo after capturing it in the camera and to easily carry them around. Since the device has been offering several accessibilities that film cameras are unable to give, it has led to a tremendous decline in film sales and processing. Also, it has had a dramatic effect on companies that produce film cameras. Although this has been an issue, most individuals are now choosing digital cameras because of its incredible versatility.

The gradual change to the camera’s technology over the last several years gave vast impact on society. During the pre-industrial era, the earliest cameras led to the development of film cameras, when these were utilized as a devise for news evidence and advertisement during the industrial revolution. The post-industrial era demonstrates the digitization of standard cameras. Digital cameras have become one of the most preferred products since people could take it with them anytime to reshape their history and make memories that would last a lifetime.

Reference:

About.com. (2009). Inventors: History of the Digital Camera. Retrieved March 15, 2009, from

                http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bldigitalcamera.htm

About.com. (2009). Inventors: Photography Timeline. Retrieved March 15, 2009, from

                http://inventors.about.com/od/pstartinventions/a/Photography.htm

Camera. (n.d). Retrieved March 15, 2009, from Wikipedia:

            http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera

Ted’s Photographics. (2006, May 12). Cameras before 1900. Retrieved March 15, 2009, from

                http://www.ted.photographer.org.uk/camera_designs_1.htm

The People History. (2009) The Changes to Camera Technology over the Last 70 Years. Retrieved March 15,

                2009, from http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/cameras.html

         From what I have experienced, I think that this experiment does not work thoroughly. The main failure was that completing a collective project as a class was such a large scale that it was difficult to successfully combine all the information. As being a large group, there was a lack of leadership within the class. It was unclear about whom to take charge of certain topics in the beginning of the project.

Jordan Robertson, Associated Press

Sunday, February 8, 2009

Doug Bates and his wife, Stacey, were in bed around 10 p.m., their 2-year-old daughters asleep in a nearby room. Suddenly they were shaken awake by the wail of police sirens and the rumble of a helicopter above their suburban Southern California home. A criminal must be on the loose, they thought.

Doug Bates got up to lock the doors and grabbed a knife. A beam from a flashlight hit him. He peeked into the backyard. A swarm of police, assault rifles drawn, ordered him out of the house. Bates emerged, frightened and with the knife in his hand, as his wife frantically dialed 911. They were handcuffed and ordered to the ground while officers stormed the house. The scene of mayhem and carnage the officers expected was nowhere to be found. Neither the Bateses nor the officers knew that they were pawns in a dangerous game being played 1,200 miles away by a teenager bent on terrifying a random family of strangers. They were victims of a new kind of telephone fraud that exploits a weakness in the way the 911 system handles calls from Internet-based phone services. The attacks – called “swatting” because armed police SWAT teams usually respond – are virtually unstoppable, and an Associated Press investigation found that budget-strapped 911 centers are essentially defenseless without an overhaul of their computer systems. The AP examined hundreds of pages of court documents and law-enforcement transcripts, listened to audio of “swatting” calls, and interviewed two dozen security experts, investigators, defense lawyers, victims and perpetrators. While Doug and Stacey Bates were cuffed on the ground that night in March 2007, 18-year-old Randal Ellis, living with his parents in Mukilteo, Wash., was nearly finished with the 27-minute yarn about a drug-fueled murder that brought the Orange County Sheriff’s Department SWAT team to the Bateses’ home. In a grisly sounding call to 911, Ellis was putting an Internet-based phone service for the hearing-impaired to nefarious use. By entering bogus information about his location, Ellis was able to make it seem to the 911 operator as if he was calling from inside the Bateses’ home. He said he was high on drugs and had just shot his sister. According to prosecutors, Ellis picked the Bates family at random, as he did with all of the 185 calls investigators say he made to 911 operators around the country. “If I would have had a gun in my hand, I probably would have been shot,” said Doug Bates, 38. Last March, Ellis was sentenced to three years in prison after pleading guilty to five felony counts, including computer access and fraud, false imprisonment by violence and falsely reporting a crime. In a separate, multistate case prosecuted by federal authorities in Dallas, eight people were charged with orchestrating up to 300 “swatting” calls to victims they met on telephone party chat lines. The three ringleaders were each sentenced to five years in prison. Two others were sentenced to 2 1/2 years. One defendant pleaded guilty last week and could get a 13-year sentence. The remaining two are set to go on trial in February. A similar case was reported in Salinas, where officers surrounded an apartment where a call had come in claiming men with assault rifles were trying to break in. In Hiawatha, Iowa, fake calls about a workplace shooting included realistic gunshot sounds and moaning in the background. In November, a teenage hacker from Worcester, Mass., pleaded guilty to a five-month swatting spree including a bomb threat and report of a gunman that caused two schools to be evacuated. Many times, however, swats don’t get fully investigated or reported. Orange County sheriff’s Detective Brian Sims spent weeks serving search warrants on Internet providers before he identified Ellis through his numeric computer identifier, known as an IP address. Law enforcement hopes lengthy prison terms will deter would-be swatters. Technology alone isn’t enough to stop the crimes. Unlike calls that come from landline phones, which are registered to a fixed physical address and display that on 911 dispatchers’ screens, calls coming from people’s computers, or even calls from landline or cell phones that are routed through spoofing services, could appear to be originating from anywhere. Scores of Caller ID spoofing services have sprung up, offering to disguise callers’ origins for a fee. All anybody needs to do is pony up for a certain number of minutes, punch in a personal identification number and specify whom they’re calling and what they’d like the Caller ID to display. Spoofing Caller ID is perfectly legal. Legitimate businesses use the technology to project a single callback number for an entire office, or to let executives working from home cloak their home numbers when making outgoing calls. At the same time, criminals have latched onto the technique to get revenge on rivals or get their kicks by harassing strangers. “We’re not able to cope with this very well,” said Roger Hixson, technical issues director for the National Emergency Number Association, the 911 system’s industry group. “We’re just hoping this doesn’t become a widespread hobby.” The 911 system was built on the idea it could trust the information it was receiving from callers. Upgrading the system to accommodate new technologies can be a huge task. Gary Allen, editor of Dispatch Monthly, a Berkeley magazine focused on public-safety communications centers, said dispatchers are “totally at the mercy of the people who call” and the fact they don’t have technology to identify which incoming calls are from Internet sources. Allen said upgrading the communications centers’ computers to flash an Internet caller’s IP address could be helpful in thwarting fraudulent calls. He said an even simpler fix, tweaking the computers to identify calls from Internet telephone services and flash the name of the service provider to dispatchers, can cost under $5,000, but is usually still too costly for many communications centers. But because this style of fraudulent calls is so new, and many emergency-dispatch centers receive few Internet calls in the first place, those upgrades are not frequently done. Swatting calls place an immense strain on responding departments. The Orange County Sheriff’s Department deployed about 30 people to the Bateses’ home, including a SWAT team, a helicopter and K-9 units. It cost the department $14,700. They take their toll on victims, too. Tony Messina, a construction worker from upstate New York, was swatted three times by the gang broken up by the federal authorities in Dallas. He was even arrested as the result of one call, because authorities found weapons he wasn’t supposed to have while they were searching the house. Messina had made some enemies on a party line he frequented to flirt with women. Some guys disliked him and out of jealousy, he says, they started swatting him. The first time, he was home alone with his two poodles when officers swarmed his backyard at 6 a.m. According to Messina, the callers said he had “killed a hooker and sliced her ear to ear, blood all over the place, I’m doing drugs and if you police come over here I’m going to kill you, too.” After a few hours at the police station, he was let go. Two weeks later, he was detained outside his house. A month later, he was in bed watching TV when he saw someone with a flashlight at his window. He went outside and was handcuffed while deputies searched his house and car. Messina had been told to call 911 himself if the swatting calls happened again, and when the deputies realized it was another fraudulent call, Messina was let go. He said he suffered bruised ribs that kept him out of work for a month and a half. Investigators say swatters are usually motivated by a mixture of ego and malice, a desire for revenge and domination over rivals. Jason Trowbridge, one of the defendants serving a five-year sentence, told the AP in a series of letters from prison that the attacks started with the standard fare of prank callers – sending pizzas and locksmiths to victims’ homes – escalated to shutting the power and water off and eventually led to swatting. “Nobody ever thought anyone would get hurt or die from a SWAT call,” he said.

Roberson, J. (2009). Phone scams summon SWAT teams from miles away. San Francisco Chronicle, A-11. http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/02/08/MNSB15LA32.DTL

This article appeared on page A – 11 of the San Francisco Chronicle

In order to use this device, users should look into the LCD screen or the viewfinder located on the back of the camera to aim it at their target. Once the users’ selected objects are in the screen, they have to make sure to hold the camera still until they press the shutter. Users can also view their own pictures by the playback button. To upload pictures onto the computer, they should upload by inserting their memory card or attach their USB cord to the computer.

Although digital cameras are a convenient technology to capture moments, the images can have a negative effect on personal privacy. In this journal article “Keeping track of photos is not an easy task,” Steve Dotto, the host and executive producer of Dotto Tech, states that digital cameras and wireless network has created an issue of privacy. He initially indicates that the convenience factor of digital cameras is massive that people take unlimited number of pictures and upload on shared networking sites to stay in touch with friends and family. On the other hand, the sharing media is so broad and wide that it makes people much easier to experience the “perfect storm for invasion of privacy.” Dotto points out that there is “little or no protection once a picture is captured” since people usually do not ask permission when they are taking a photo. Accordingly, this is becoming a huge privacy issue. Moreover, Dotto informs that “fun photos can come back to haunt [people] in the future.” He simply states that it is possible to ruin one’s career when fun photos, where the person appears to be doing something rude or drunk, is revealed at the wrong time. He highly recommends people to remember the fact that pictures can be posted to the Web “within minutes of shutter releasing.” Dotto merely reveals that the only way for protection is to begin creating “a culture of permission,” insisting photographers to ask before they shoot images.  

The utilization and convenience of digital cameras illustrate that it is a great technology. However, it has a negative effect since it is creating huge privacy concerns. As mentioned earlier, communication media is getting more advanced and immense that people, who desire to protect their privacy, are vulnerable against pirates who takes and uses photos without permission. Since digital cameras are a personal device which records and stores personal images, they are more negatively affected. For me, losing images is more devastating than losing a collection of songs. Hence, people may feel more loss toward their personal pictures because it is more of a part of their identity.

Accordingly, the reasonable way that this effect could be reversed is that people may take large number of images at any time in order to recollect memories and stay in touch with others. When there is piracy in privacy, people tend to increase the barricade that will eventually lead to lack of sharing and interaction with family and friends. Digital cameras enable people to recall the past since they can instantly see photographs of things and events that have happened. The phrase “a picture is worth a thousand words” (Papertrail, n.d) is indeed meaningful since digital cameras have helped people to get a better idea of events through still images and helped to change the way people see their surroundings with easier process.

Reference:  

Digital Camera. (2006, July). Retrieved February 8, 2009, from Wikipedia:

            http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camera

Dotto S. (2008, April 2). Keeping track of photos is not an easy task.

            North Shore News,19.  Retrieved February 9, 2009, from

            Canadian Newsstand Pacific database.

Milburn, K. & Rockwell, R. & Chambers, M. (2002). Digital Photography Bible (2nd ed.). Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing Inc.

Papertrail. (n.d). Photographic. Retrieved February 8, 2009, from

            http://papertrail.candutch.ca/index.php?pr=Photographic

By: Sze Si, Kevin Tien, Dev Saini, Yeseul Tracy Choi

 Quotes:

 “File sharing refers to the providing and receiving of digital files over a network, usually following the peer to peer (P2P) model, where the files are stored on and served by personal computers of the users.” (www.wikipedia.org)

“File-sharing gives people access to a wide range of cultural goods and is often used to sample content that is bought later, the report concluded. Most file-sharers would have never bought the content they downloaded, but having access to such a large media library increases the welfare of Dutch citizens.” (Newton) –news article

“File sharing is the primary reason for the decline in music sales, [as observed] during our study period.” (Orberholzer, 2007) –journal article

 Our Description:

In recent years, file sharing has become a prominent form of distribution of media and communication amongst individuals across the internet. File sharing allows users to exchange music, movies and other forms of entertainment quickly and easily. Due to this technology, artists and producers are losing money to potential users who download copyrighted products through the internet rather than buying the products.

From the consumer’s point of view, file sharing is a convenient solution for a quick exchange of media. This process can also help consumers save money while still entertaining them. Although this is illegal, consumers still continue to share files over the internet because they are not easily caught.

Discussion:

-Does the author of this site hold any credentials from a reputable organization or educational institutions? –journal article – from university , others are not

-Does the information found in this site confirm information you have found elsewhere? – yes, Wikipedia, and academic resources, and news article

-Are footnotes, citations, references/bibliographies or sources provided? – yes for Wikipedia and journal article, no for news article

-Does the information on the site offer many perspectives or just one? – news article is biased

Is the main purpose of this site to persuade you of something? – yes news article tries to convince the readers that file sharing is bad because it says that people don’t want to spend money on music

Is there advertising on the page? – wiki: no – journal article: ads of other news sources – news article: add of BBC.

References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_sharing

F. Oberholzer, 2007. The effect of file sharing on record sales: an empirical analysis. Journal of Political

Economy.  Retrieved from http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086

Hi, I’m Tracy Choi

I’m currently a TechOne /SIAT student.

I am interested in graphic design and photography.

Camera is my favourite technology. I like to carry it around everytime so i can take photos whenever i want. XD

I have a collection of my Canon Xti! yay~ :S

Computer is also one of my favourite technologies. I’m actually using it right now for my tech class…imagine living without it!  You can do everything with this thing. It’s so convenient!